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Main article: History of the kilt The kilt first appeared as the great kilt in the 16th century, a full-length garment whose upper half could be worn as a cloak draped over the shoulder, or brought up over the head. The small kilt or walking kilt (similar to the “modern” kilt) did not develop until the late 17th or early 18th century, and is essentially the bottom half of the great kilt.